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The normal and abnormal scrotum in children: evaluation with color Doppler sonography.
Links The normal and abnormal scrotum in children: evaluation with color Doppler sonography. Atkinson GO Jr, Patrick LE, Ball TI Jr, Stephenson CA, Broecker BH, Woodard JRAJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992 Mar;158(3):613-7. Links The normal and abnormal scrotum in children: evaluation with color Doppler sonography. Atkinson GO Jr, Patrick LE, Ball TI Jr, Stephenson CA, Broecker BH, Woodard JR. Department of Radiology Pediatrics, Egleston Children's Hospital, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-1101. The use of color Doppler sonography to evaluate the symptomatic testes in children with scrotal pain or swelling was prospectively studied with a fourth-generation color sonographic unit with a 7-MHz linear transducer. The 32 patients were 1 day to 18 years old (mean age, 8.6 years). Results were correlated with scintigraphic findings in 23 patients, with the final diagnosis established by surgery in 12 patients, and with clinical follow-up in all patients. Eight cases of testicular torsion, including two of acute torsion and six of late torsion, were correctly detected by color Doppler sonography and confirmed surgically. In the remaining patients, perfusion of the testis was correctly detected by color Doppler examination. The final diagnoses in these patients included torsion of the appendix testis (15 patients), epididymitis (five patients), epididymo-orchitis (one patient), yolk sac tumor of the testis (one patient), hydrocele (one patient), and local reaction to an insect bite (one patient). The ability to detect blood flow in the normal contralateral testis was also evaluated in 28 patients. Blood flow was demonstrated in normal testes larger than 1 cm3. Detection of flow in the very small normal prepubertal testis was often difficult, and no flow was identified in one testis. Flow was identified in central arteries in only six of 13 testes smaller than 1 cm3. We conclude that color Doppler sonography is helpful in the initial evaluation of pediatric testes, providing accurate evaluation of the involved hemi-scrotum in our patients and also providing the benefit of both structural and flow information. Until our sensitivity to low-velocity flow improves, we would not suggest the exclusive use of color Doppler sonography in the evaluation of testicular perfusion in the prepubertal patient. We advocate the addition of testicular scintigraphy to corroborate the presence of testicular perfusion when flow in intratesticular arteries cannot be established with certainty by color Doppler sonography. PMID: 1739005 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Related Links Sonographic differential diagnosis of acute scrotum: real-time whirlpool sign, a key sign of torsion. [J Ultrasound Med. 2006] PMID: 16632779 Does color Doppler sonography improve the clinical assessment of patients with acute scrotum? [Eur J Radiol. 2006] PMID: 16730939 Acute scrotal disorders: prospective comparison of color Doppler US and testicular scintigraphy. [Radiology. 1990] PMID: 2204963 Accuracy of Doppler sonography in the evaluation of acute conditions of the scrotum in children. [J Pediatr Surg. 1994] PMID: 7807366 Acute scrotal symptoms in boys with an indeterminate clinical presentation: comparison of color Doppler sonography and scintigraphy. [Radiology. 1998] PMID: 9530319 See all Related Articles... Display Summary Brief Abstract AbstractPlus Citation MEDLINE XML UI List LinkOut ASN.1 Related Articles Cited Articles Cited in Books CancerChrom Links Domain Links 3D Domain Links GEO DataSet Links Gene Links Gene (GeneRIF) Links Genome Links Project Links GENSAT Links GEO Profile Links HomoloGene Links Nucleotide Links Nucleotide (RefSeq) Links OMIA Links OMIM (calculated) Links OMIM (cited) Links BioAssay Links Compound Links Compound via MeSH Substance Links Substance via MeSH PMC Links Cited in PMC PopSet Links Probe Links Protein Links Protein (RefSeq) Links SNP Links Structure Links Taxonomy via GenBank UniGene Links UniSTS Links Show 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 Sort by Pub Date First Author Last Author Journal Send to Text File Printer Clipboard E-mail Order .
Department of Radiology Pediatrics, Egleston Children's Hospital, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-1101.
The use of color Doppler sonography to evaluate the symptomatic testes in children with scrotal pain or swelling was prospectively studied with a fourth-generation color sonographic unit with a 7-MHz linear transducer. The 32 patients were 1 day to 18 years old (mean age, 8.6 years). Results were correlated with scintigraphic findings in 23 patients, with the final diagnosis established by surgery in 12 patients, and with clinical follow-up in all patients. Eight cases of testicular torsion, including two of acute torsion and six of late torsion, were correctly detected by color Doppler sonography and confirmed surgically. In the remaining patients, perfusion of the testis was correctly detected by color Doppler examination. The final diagnoses in these patients included torsion of the appendix testis (15 patients), epididymitis (five patients), epididymo-orchitis (one patient), yolk sac tumor of the testis (one patient), hydrocele (one patient), and local reaction to an insect bite (one patient). The ability to detect blood flow in the normal contralateral testis was also evaluated in 28 patients. Blood flow was demonstrated in normal testes larger than 1 cm3. Detection of flow in the very small normal prepubertal testis was often difficult, and no flow was identified in one testis. Flow was identified in central arteries in only six of 13 testes smaller than 1 cm3. We conclude that color Doppler sonography is helpful in the initial evaluation of pediatric testes, providing accurate evaluation of the involved hemi-scrotum in our patients and also providing the benefit of both structural and flow information. Until our sensitivity to low-velocity flow improves, we would not suggest the exclusive use of color Doppler sonography in the evaluation of testicular perfusion in the prepubertal patient. We advocate the addition of testicular scintigraphy to corroborate the presence of testicular perfusion when flow in intratesticular arteries cannot be established with certainty by color Doppler sonography.
This abstract is being posted for educational purposes, as well as for comment and criticism, by the visitors to the Epididymitis Foundation website (EpididymitisFoundation.org). This abstract is representative of a larger article that is indexed on Medline.
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